Information is “published” when it becomes generally accessible to the interested public in any form, including: (1) Publication in periodicals, books, print, electronic, or any other media available for general distribution to any member of the public or to a community of persons interested in the subject matter, such as those in a scientific or engineering discipline, either free or at a price that does not exceed the cost of reproduction and distribution; (2) Ready availability at libraries open to the public or at university libraries; (3) Patents and open (published) patent applications available at any patent office; and (4) Release at an open conference, meeting, seminar, trade show, or other open gathering.